It has long been recognized that emotion dysregulation is common in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The differing predictions from each model can guide future research into this much-neglected population. Three models to explain the overlap between emotion dysregulation and ADHD are considered: emotion dysregulation and ADHD are correlated but distinct dimensions emotion dysregulation is a core, diagnostic feature of ADHD and the combination constitutes a nosological entity, distinct from both ADHD and emotion dysreguation alone. Third, while current treatments for ADHD often also ameliorate emotion dysregulation, a focus on this combination of symptoms reframes clinical questions and could stimulate novel therapeutic approaches. Second, emotion dysregulation in ADHD may arise from deficits in orienting towards, recognizing and/or allocating attention to emotional stimuli these deficits that implicate dysfunction within a striato-amygdalo-medial prefrontal cortical network. First, emotion dysregulation is prevalent in ADHD throughout the lifespan and is a major contributor to impairment. The authors examine the current literature using both quantitative and qualitative methods. It has long been recognized that many individuals with ADHD also have difficulties with emotion regulation but lack of consensus on how to conceptualize this clinically challenging domain renders a review timely.
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